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Answer Key
Grade 8 Reading — History & Civics
1.
uniting colonies without creating a government so powerful it threatens liberty
2.
federal: defense or foreign relations; state: schools or most elections (any valid pair)
3.
legislative, executive, and judicial
4.
Congress overriding a veto or courts striking down unconstitutional laws
5.
local bus taxes, state curricula, federal lunch programs, or multiple elections
6.
North: factories and wage labor; South: agriculture and cotton with enslaved labor
7.
whether to allow slavery (popular sovereignty)
8.
it denied citizenship to African Americans and said Congress could not ban slavery in territories
9.
resistance through slow-downs, escapes, literacy efforts, and rebellion
10.
Southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America
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