Grade 7 Reading — Argument & Informational

Should Middle and High Schools Start Later?

Every weekday morning, millions of teenagers set alarms long before sunrise. School bells often ring around 7:30 a.m., yet research suggests adolescent bodies are biologically wired to fall asleep later and wake later than children or adults. Sleep scientists measure this shift using melatonin release patterns. When schools ignore biology, students may arrive exhausted, not lazy. Advocates for later start times point to evidence from districts that delayed openings by thirty to sixty minutes. In one Minnesota study, attendance improved and car crash rates among teen drivers dropped after schedule changes. Academic scores in some subjects rose modestly, though results vary by community. Proponents argue that well-rested students focus better and manage stress more effectively. Opponents raise practical concerns. Bus routes are often staggered so the same fleet serves elementary, middle,…

Social Media and Teen Well-Being

Social media platforms connect classmates, spread news, and showcase creativity through videos, art, and memes. They also raise questions about mental health, privacy, and attention. Researchers studying teen well-being try to separate correlation from causation: does heavy use harm mood, or do anxious teens simply spend more time online? Evidence grows but remains contested. Studies link excessive scrolling with sleep loss when phones stay beside beds. Notifications interrupt homework and face-to-face conversations. Some experiments show that reducing social media use for a few weeks can lower reported loneliness for certain participants, though sample sizes are often small. Other research finds that online communities support LGBTQ+ youth, immigrants, and students with rare hobbies who lack local peers. Platform design influences behavior. Algorithms recommend content that keeps eyes…